The Hare Krsnas - The Philosophy - Writings of A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada

Chapter 3
The External Reasons for Lord Caitanya's Appearance

In this chapter the author has fully discussed the reason for the descent of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu. The Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Sri Krsna, after displaying His pastimes as Lord Krsna, thought it wise to make His advent in the form of a devotee to explain personally the transcendental mellow reciprocations of service and love between Himself and His servants, friends, parents and fiancees. According to the Vedic literature, the foremost occupational duty for humanity in this Age of Kali is nama-sankirtana, or congregational chanting of the holy name of the Lord. The incarnation for this age especially preaches this process, but only Krsna Himself can explain the confidential loving service performed in the four principal varieties of loving affairs between the Supreme Lord and His devotees. Lord Krsna therefore personally appeared, with His plenary portions, as Lord Caitanya. As stated in this chapter, only for that purpose did Lord Krsna appear personally in Navadvipa in the form of Sri Krsna Caitanya Mahaprabhu.
Krsnadasa Kaviraja has herein presented much authentic evidence from Srimad-Bhagavatam and other scriptures to substantiate the identity of Lord Caitanya with Sri Krsna Himself. He has described bodily symptoms in Lord Caitanya that are visible only in the person of the Supreme Lord, and he has proved that Lord Caitanya appeared with His personal associates--Sri Nityananda, Advaita, Gadadhara, Srivasa and other devotees--to preach the special significance of chanting Hare Krsna. The appearance of Lord Caitanya is both significant and confidential. He can be appreciated only by pure devotees and only through the process of devotional service. The Lord tried to conceal His identity as the Supreme Personality of Godhead by representing Himself as a devotee, but His pure devotees can recognize Him by His special features. The Vedas and Puranas foretell the appearance of Lord Caitanya, but still He is sometimes called, significantly, the concealed descent of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Advaita Acarya was a contemporary of Lord Caitanya's father. He felt sorry for the condition of the world because even after Lord Krsna's appearance, no one had interest in devotional service to Krsna. This forgetfulness was so overwhelming that Advaita Prabhu was convinced that no one but Lord Krsna Himself could enlighten people about devotional service to the Supreme Lord. Therefore Advaita requested Lord Krsna to appear as Lord Caitanya. Offering tulasi leaves and Ganges water, He cried for the Lord's appearance. The Lord, being satisfied by His pure devotees, descends to satisfy them. As such, being pleased by Advaita Acarya, Lord Caitanya appeared.

TEXT 1
sri-caitanya-prabhum vande
yat-padasraya-viryatah
sangrhnaty akara-vratad
ajnah siddhanta-san-manin
SYNONYMS sri-caitanya-prabhum--to Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; vande--I offer my respectful obeisances; yat--of whom; pada-asraya--of the shelter of the lotus feet; viryatah--from the power; sangrhnati--collects; akara-vratat--from the multitude of mines in the form of scriptures; ajnah--a fool; siddhanta--of conclusion; sat-manin--the best jewels.

TRANSLATION I offer my respectful obeisances to Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu. By the potency of the shelter of His lotus feet, even a fool can collect the valuable jewels of conclusive truth from the mines of the revealed scriptures.

TEXT 2
jaya jaya sri-caitanya jaya nityananda
jayadvaita-candra jaya gaura-bhakta-vrnda
SYNONYMS jaya jaya--all glories; sri-caitanya--to Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; jaya--all glories; nityananda--to Lord Nityananda; jaya--all glories; advaita-candra--to Advaita Acarya; jaya--all glories; gaura-bhakta-vrnda--to all the devotees of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu. TRANSLATION All glories to Lord Caitanya. All glories to Lord Nityananda. All glories to Advaitacandra. And all glories to all the devotees of Lord Caitanya.

TEXT 3
trtiya slokera artha kaila vivarana
caturtha slokera artha suna bhakta-gana
SYNONYMS trtiya--third; slokera--of the verse; artha--meaning; kaila--there was; vivarana--description; caturtha--fourth; slokera--of the verse; artha--meaning; suna--please hear; bhakta-gana--O devotees.

TRANSLATION I have given the purport of the third verse. Now, O devotees, please listen to the meaning of the fourth with full attention.

TEXT 4
anarpita-carim cirat karunayavatirnah kalau
samarpayitum unnatojjvala-rasam sva-bhakti-sriyam
harih purata-sundara-dyuti-kadamba-sandipitah
sada hrdaya-kandare sphuratu vah saci-nandanah
SYNONYMS anarpita--not bestowed; carim--having been formerly; cirat--for a long time; karunaya--by causeless mercy; avatirnah--descended; kalau--in the Age of Kali; samarpayitum--to bestow; unnata--elevated; ujjvala-rasam--the conjugal mellow; sva-bhakti--of His own service; sriyam--the treasure; harih--the Supreme Lord; purata--than gold; sundara--more beautiful; dyuti--of splendor; kadamba--with a multitude; sandipitah--illuminated; sada--always; hrdaya-kandare--in the cavity of the heart; sphuratu--let Him be manifest; vah--your; saci-nandanah--the son of mother Saci.

TRANSLATION "May that Lord who is known as the son of Srimati Sacidevi be transcendentally situated in the innermost core of your heart. Resplendent with the radiance of molten gold, He has descended in the Age of Kali by His causeless mercy to bestow what no incarnation has ever offered before: the most elevated mellow of devotional service, the mellow of conjugal love."

PURPORT This is a quotation from the Vidagdha-madhava, a drama compiled and edited by Srila Rupa Gosvami.

TEXT 5
purna bhagavan krsna vrajendra-kumara
goloke vrajera saha nitya vihara
SYNONYMS purna--full; bhagavan--the Supreme Personality of Godhead; krsna--Lord Krsna; vrajendra-kumara--the son of the King of Vraja; goloke--in Goloka; vrajera saha--along with Vrajadhama; nitya--eternal; vihara--pastimes.

TRANSLATION Lord Krsna, the son of the King of Vraja, is the Supreme Lord. He eternally enjoys transcendental pastimes in His eternal abode, Goloka, which includes Vrajadhama.

PURPORT In the previous chapter it has been established that Krsna, the son of Vrajendra (the King of Vraja), is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, with six opulences. He eternally enjoys transcendentally variegated opulences on His planet, which is known as Goloka. The eternal pastimes of the Lord in the spiritual planet Krsnaloka are called aprakata, or unmanifested, pastimes because they are beyond the purview of the conditioned souls. Lord Krsna is always present everywhere, but when He is not present before our eyes, He is said to be aprakata, or unmanifested.

TEXT 6
brahmara eka dine tinho eka-bara
avatirna hana karena prakata vihara
SYNONYMS brahmara--of Lord Brahma; eka--one; dine--in the day; tinho--He; eka-bara--one time; avatirna--descended; hana--being; karena--performs; prakata--manifest; vihara--pastimes.

TRANSLATION Once in a day of Brahma, He descends to this world to manifest His transcendental pastimes.

TEXT 7
satya, treta, dvapara, kali, cari-yuga jani
sei cari-yuge divya eka-yuga mani
SYNONYMS satya--Satya; treta--Treta; dvapara--Dvapara; kali--Kali; cari-yuga--four ages; jani--we know; sei--these; cari-yuge--in the four ages; divya--divine; eka-yuga--one age; mani--we consider.

TRANSLATION We know that there are four ages [yugas], namely Satya, Treta, Dvapara and Kali. These four together comprise one divya-yuga.

TEXT 8
ekattara catur-yuge eka manv-antara
caudda manv-antara brahmara divasa bhitara
SYNONYMS ekattara--seventy-one; catuh-yuge--in cycles of four ages; eka--one; manu-antara--period of a Manu; caudda--fourteen; manu-antara--periods of Manu; brahmara--of Lord Brahma; divasa--a day; bhitara--within.

TRANSLATION Seventy-one divya-yugas constitute one manv-antara. There are fourteen manv-antaras in one day of Brahma.

PURPORT A manv-antara is the period controlled by one Manu. The reign of fourteen Manus equals the length of one day (twelve hours) in the life of Brahma, and the night of Brahma is of the same duration. These calculations are given in the authentic astronomy book known as the Surya-siddhanta. This book was compiled by the great professor of astronomy and mathematics Bimal Prasad Datta, later known as Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami, who was our merciful spiritual master. He was honored with the title Siddhanta Sarasvati for writing a commentary on the Surya-siddhanta, and the title Gosvami Maharaja was added when he accepted sannyasa, the renounced order of life.

TEXT 9
'vaivasvata'-nama ei saptama manv-antara
sataisa catur-yuga tahara antara
SYNONYMS vaivasvata-nama--named Vaivasvata; ei--this; saptama--seventh; manu-antara--period of Manu; sataisa--twenty-seven; catuh-yuga--cycles of four ages; tahara--of that; antara--period.

TRANSLATION The present Manu, who is the seventh, is called Vaivasvata [the son of Vivasvan]. Twenty-seven divya-yugas [27 x 4,320,000 solar years] of his age have now passed.

PURPORT The names of the fourteen Manus are as follows: (1) Svayambhuva, (2) Svarocisa, (3) Uttama, (4) Tamasa, (5) Raivata, (6) Caksusa, (7) Vaivasvata, (8) Savarni, (9) Daksa-savarni, (10) Brahma-savarni, (11) Dharma-savarni, (12) Rudraputra (Rudra-savarni), (13) Raucya, or Deva-savarni, (14) and Bhautyaka, or Indra-savarni.

TEXT 10
astavimsa catur-yuge dvaparera sese
vrajera sahite haya krsnera prakase
SYNONYMS astavimsa--twenty-eighth; catuh-yuge--in the cycle of four ages; dvaparera--of the Dvapara-yuga; sese--at the end; vrajera sahite--along with Vraja; haya--is; krsnera--of Lord Krsna; prakase--manifestation.

TRANSLATION At the end of the Dvapara-yuga of the twenty-eighth divya-yuga, Lord Krsna appears on earth with the full paraphernalia of His eternal Vraja-dhama.

PURPORT Now is the term of Vaivasvata Manu, during which Lord Caitanya appears. First Lord Krsna appears at the close of the Dvapara-yuga of the twenty-eighth divya-yuga, and then Lord Caitanya appears in the Kali-yuga of the same divya-yuga. Lord Krsna and Lord Caitanya appear once in each day of Brahma, or once in fourteen manv-antaras, each of seventy-one divya-yugas in duration.
From the beginning of Brahma's day of 4,320,000,000 years, six Manus appear and disappear before Lord Krsna appears. Thus 1,975,320,000 years of the day of Brahma elapse before the appearance of Lord Krsna. This is an astronomical calculation according to solar years.

TEXT 11
dasya, sakhya, vatsalya, srngara----cari rasa cari bhavera bhakta yata krsna tara vasa
SYNONYMS dasya--servitude; sakhya--friendship; vatsalya--parental affection; srngara--conjugal love; cari--four; rasa--mellows; cari--four; bhavera--of the sentiments; bhakta--devotees; yata--as many as there are; krsna--Lord Krsna; tara--by them; vasa--subdued.

TRANSLATION Servitude [dasya], friendship [sakhya], parental affection [vatsalya] and conjugal love [srngara] are the four transcendental mellows [rasas]. By the devotees who cherish these four mellows, Lord Krsna is subdued.

PURPORT Dasya, sakhya, vatsalya and srngara are the transcendental modes of loving service to the Lord. Santa-rasa, or the neutral stage, is not mentioned in this verse because although in santa-rasa one considers the Absolute Truth the sublime great, one does not go beyond that conception. Santa-rasa is a very grand idea for materialistic philosophers, but such idealistic appreciation is only the beginning; it is the lowest among the relationships in the spiritual world. Santa-rasa is not given much importance because as soon as there is a slight understanding between the knower and the known, active loving transcendental reciprocations and exchanges begin. Dasya-rasa is the basic relationship between Krsna and His devotees; therefore this verse considers dasya the first stage of transcendental devotional service.

TEXT 12
dasa-sakha-pita-mata-kanta-gana lana
vraje krida kare krsna premavista hana
SYNONYMS dasa--servants; sakha--friends; pita-mata--father and mother; kanta-gana--lovers; lana--taking; vraje--in Vraja; krida kare--plays; krsna--Lord Krsna; prema-avista--absorbed in love; hana--being.

TRANSLATION Absorbed in such transcendental love, Lord Sri Krsna enjoys in Vraja with His devoted servants, friends, parents and conjugal lovers.

PURPORT The descent of Sri Krsna, the Absolute Personality of Godhead, is very purposeful. In the Bhagavad-gita it is said that one who knows the truth about Sri Krsna's descent and His various activities is at once liberated and does not have to fall again to this existence of birth and death after he leaves his present material body. In other words, one who factually understands Krsna makes his life perfect. Imperfect life is realized in material existence, in five different relationships we share with everyone within the material world: neutrality, servitorship, friendship, filial love, and amorous love between husband and wife or lover and beloved. These five enjoyable relationships within the material world are perverted reflections of relationships with the Absolute Personality of Godhead in the transcendental nature. That Absolute Personality, Sri Krsna, descends to revive the five eternally existing relationships. Thus He manifests His transcendental pastimes in Vraja so that people may be attracted into that sphere of activities and leave aside their imitation relationships with the mundane. Then, after fully exhibiting all such activities, the Lord disappears.

TEXT 13
yathesta vihari' krsna kare antardhana
antardhana kari' mane kare anumana
SYNONYMS yatha-ista--as much as He wishes; vihari'--enjoying; krsna--Lord Krsna; kare--makes; antardhana--disappearance; antardhana kari'--disappearing; mane--in the mind; kare--He makes; anumana--consideration.

TRANSLATION Lord Krsna enjoys His transcendental pastimes as long as He wishes, and then He disappears. After disappearing, however, He thinks thus:

TEXT 14
cira-kala nahi kari prema-bhakti dana
bhakti vina jagatera nahi avasthana
SYNONYMS cira-kala--for a long time; nahi kari--I have not done; prema-bhakti--loving devotional service; dana--giving; bhakti--devotional service; vina--without; jagatera--of the universe; nahi--not; avasthana--existence.

TRANSLATION "For a long time I have not bestowed unalloyed loving service to Me upon the inhabitants of the world. Without such loving attachment, the existence of the material world is useless."

PURPORT The Lord seldom awards pure transcendental love, but without such pure love of God, freed from fruitive activities and empiric speculation, one cannot attain perfection in life.

TEXT 15
sakala jagate more kare vidhi-bhakti
vidhi-bhaktye vraja-bhava paite nahi sakti
SYNONYMS sakala--all; jagate--in the universe; more--to Me; kare--they do; vidhi-bhakti--regulative devotional service; vidhi-bhaktye--by regulative devotional service; vraja-bhava--the feelings of those in Vraja; paite--to obtain; nahi--not; sakti--the power.

TRANSLATION "Everywhere in the world people worship Me according to scriptural injunctions. But simply by following such regulative principles one cannot attain the loving sentiments of the devotees in Vrajabhumi."

TEXT 16
aisvarya-jnanete saba jagat misrita
aisvarya-sithila-preme nahi mora prita
SYNONYMS aisvarya-jnanete--with knowledge of the opulences; saba--all; jagat--the world; misrita--mixed; aisvarya-sithila-preme--to love enfeebled by opulence; nahi--there is not; mora--My; prita--attraction.

TRANSLATION "Knowing My opulences, the whole world looks upon Me with awe and veneration. But devotion made feeble by such reverence does not attract Me."

PURPORT After His appearance, Lord Krsna thought that He had not distributed the transcendental personal dealings with His devotees in dasya, sakhya, vatsalya and madhurya. One may understand the science of the Supreme Personality of Godhead from the Vedic literature and thus become a devotee of the Lord and worship Him within the regulative principles described in the scriptures, but one will not know in this way how Krsna is served by the residents of Vrajabhumi. One cannot understand the dealings of the Lord in Vrndavana simply by executing the ritualistic regulative principles mentioned in the scriptures. By following scriptural injunctions one may enhance his appreciation for the glories of the Lord, but there is no chance for one to enter into personal dealings with Him. Giving too much attention to understanding the exalted glories of the Lord reduces the chance of one's entering into personal loving affairs with the Lord. To teach the principles of such loving dealings, the Lord decided to appear as Lord Caitanya.

TEXT 17
aisvarya-jnane vidhi-bhajana kariya
vaikunthake yaya catur-vidha mukti pana
SYNONYMS aisvarya-jnane--in knowledge of the opulences; vidhi--according to rules and regulations; bhajana--worship; kariya--doing; vaikunthake--to Vaikuntha; yaya--they go; catuh-vidha--four kinds; mukti--liberation; pana--achieving.

TRANSLATION "By performing such regulated devotional service in awe and veneration, one may go to Vaikuntha and attain the four kinds of liberation."

TEXT 18
sarsti, sarupya, ara samipya, salokya
sayujya na laya bhakta yate brahma-aikya
SYNONYMS sarsti--opulences equal with the Lord's; sarupya--the same form as the Lord's; ara--and; samipya--personal association with the Lord; salokya--residence on a Vaikuntha planet; sayujya--oneness with the Lord; na laya--they do not accept; bhakta--devotees; yate--since; brahma-aikya--oneness with Brahman.

TRANSLATION "These liberations are sarsti [achieving opulences equal to those of the Lord], sarupya [having a form the same as the Lord's], samipya [living as a personal associate of the Lord] and salokya [living on a Vaikuntha planet]. Devotees never accept sayujya, however, since that is oneness with Brahman."

PURPORT Those engaged in devotional service according to the ritualistic principles mentioned in the scriptures attain these different kinds of liberation. But although such devotees can attain sarsti, sarupya, samipya and salokya, they are not concerned with these liberations, for such devotees are satisfied only in rendering transcendental loving service to the Lord. The fifth kind of liberation, sayujya, is never accepted even by devotees who perform only ritualistic worship. To attain sayujya, or merging into the Brahman effulgence of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, is the aspiration of the impersonalists. A devotee never cares for sayujya liberation.

TEXT 19
yuga-dharma pravartaimu nama-sankirtana
cari bhava-bhakti diya nacamu bhuvana
SYNONYMS yuga-dharma--the religion of the age; pravartaimu--I shall inaugurate; nama-sankirtana--chanting of the holy name; cari--four; bhava--of the moods; bhakti--devotion; diya--giving; nacamu--I shall cause to dance; bhuvana--the world.

TRANSLATION "I shall personally inaugurate the religion of the age--nama-sankirtana, the congregational chanting of the holy name. I shall make the world dance in ecstasy, realizing the four mellows of loving devotional service."

TEXT 20
apani karimu bhakta-bhava angikare
apani acari' bhakti sikhaimu sabare
SYNONYMS apani--personally; karimu--I shall make; bhakta-bhava--the position of a devotee; angikare--acceptance; apani--personally; acari'--practicing; bhakti--devotional service; sikhaimu--I shall teach; sabare--to all.

TRANSLATION "I shall accept the role of a devotee, and I shall teach devotional service by practicing it Myself."

PURPORT When one associates with a pure devotee, he becomes so elevated that he does not aspire even for sarsti, sarupya, samipya or salokya, because he feels that such liberation is a kind of sense gratification. Pure devotees do not ask anything from the Lord for their personal benefit. Even if offered personal benefits, pure devotees do not accept them, because their only desire is to satisfy the Supreme Personality of Godhead by transcendental loving service. No one but the Lord Himself can teach this highest form of devotional service. Therefore, when the Lord took the place of the incarnation of Kali-yuga to spread the glories of chanting Hare Krsna--the system of worship recommended in this age--He also distributed the process of devotional service performed on the platform of transcendental spontaneous love. To teach the highest principles of spiritual life, the Lord Himself appeared as a devotee in the form of Lord Caitanya.

TEXT 21
apane na kaile dharma sikhana na yaya
ei ta' siddhanta gita-bhagavate gaya
SYNONYMS apane--personally; na kaile--if not practiced; dharma--religion; sikhana--the teaching; na yaya--does not advance; ei--this; ta'--certainly; siddhanta--conclusion; gita--in the Bhagavad-gita; bhagavate--in Srimad-Bhagavatam; gaya--they sing.

TRANSLATION "Unless one practices devotional service himself, he cannot teach it to others. This conclusion is indeed confirmed throughout the Gita and Bhagavatam."

TEXT 22
yada yada hi dharmasya
glanir bhavati bharata
abhyutthanam adharmasya
tadatmanam srjamy aham
SYNONYMS yada yada--whenever; hi--certainly; dharmasya--of religious principles; glanih--decrease; bhavati--there is; bharata--O descendant of Bharata; abhyutthanam--increase; adharmasya--of irreligion; tada--then; atmanam--Myself; srjami--manifest; aham--I.

TRANSLATION "'Whenever and wherever there is a decline in religious practice, O descendant of Bharata, and a predominant rise of irreligion--at that time I descend Myself."

TEXT 23
paritranaya sadhunam
vinasaya ca duskrtam
dharma-samsthapanarthaya
sambhavami yuge yuge
SYNONYMS paritranaya--for the deliverance; sadhunam--of the devotees; vinasaya--for the destruction; ca--and; duskrtam--of the miscreants; dharma--religious principles; samsthapana-arthaya--for the purpose of establishing; sambhavami--I appear; yuge yuge--in every age.

TRANSLATION " 'To deliver the pious and to annihilate the miscreants, as well as to reestablish the principles of religion, I Myself appear, millennium after millennium.' "

PURPORT Texts 22 and 23 were spoken by Lord Krsna in the Bhagavad-gita (4.7-8). Texts 24 and 25, which follow, are also from the Bhagavad-gita (3.24, 21).

TEXT 24
utsideyur ime loka
na kuryam karma ced aham
sankarasya ca karta syam
upahanyam imah prajah
SYNONYMS udsideyuh--would fall into ruin; ime--these; lokah--worlds; na kuryam--did not perform; karma--action; cet--if; aham--I; sankarasya--of unwanted population; ca--and; karta--a creator; syam--would become; upahanyam--would spoil; imah--these; prajah--living entities.

TRANSLATION " 'If I did not show the proper principles of religion, all these worlds would fall into ruin. I would be a cause of unwanted population and would spoil all these living beings.' "

TEXT 25
yad yad acarati sresthas
tat tad evetaro janah
sa yat pramanam kurute
lokas tad anuvartate
SYNONYMS yat yat--however; acarati--behaves; sresthah--the best man; tat tat--that; eva--certainly; itarah--the lesser; janah--man; sah--he; yat--which; pramanam--standard; kurute--shows; lokah--the people; tat--that; anuvartate--follow.

TRANSLATION " 'Whatever actions a great man performs, common people follow. And whatever standards he sets by exemplary acts, all the world pursues.' "

TEXT 26
yuga-dharma-pravartana haya amsa haite
ama vina anye nare vraja-prema dite
SYNONYMS yuga-dharma--of the religion of the age; pravartana--the inauguration; haya--is; amsa--the plenary portion; haite--from; ama--for Me; vina--except; anye--another; nare--is not able; vraja-prema--love like that of the residents of Vraja; dite--to bestow.

TRANSLATION "My plenary portions can establish the principles of religion for each age. No one but Me, however, can bestow the kind of loving service performed by the residents of Vraja."

TEXT 27
santv avatara bahavah
pankaja-nabhasya sarvato-bhadrah
krsnad anyah ko va latasv
api prema-do bhavati
SYNONYMS santu--let there be; avatarah--incarnations; bahavah--many; pankaja-nabhasya--of the Lord, from whose navel grows a lotus flower; sarvatah-bhadrah--completely auspicious; krsnat--than Lord Krsna; anyah--other; kah va--who possibly; latasu--on the surrendered souls; api--also; prema-dah--the bestower of love; bhavati--is.

TRANSLATION " 'There may be many all-auspicious incarnations of the Personality of Godhead, but who other than Lord Sri Krsna can bestow love of God upon the surrendered souls?' "

PURPORT This quotation from Bilvamangala Thakura is found in the Laghu-bhagavatamrta (1.5.37).

TEXT 28
tahate apana bhakta-gana kari' sange
prthivite avatari' karimu nana range
SYNONYMS tahate--in that; apana--My own; bhakta-gana--with devotees; kari'--doing; sange--in association; prthivite--on the earth; avatari'--descending; karimu--I shall perform; nana--various; range--colorful pastimes.

TRANSLATION "Therefore in the company of My devotees I shall appear on earth and perform various colorful pastimes."

TEXT 29
eta bhavi' kali-kale prathama sandhyaya
avatirna haila krsna apani nadiyaya
SYNONYMS eta--thus; bhavi'--thinking; kali-kale--in the Age of Kali; prathama--first; sandhyaya--in the junction; avatirna haila--descended; krsna--Lord Krsna; apani--Himself; nadiyaya--in Nadia.

TRANSLATION Thinking thus, the Personality of Godhead, Sri Krsna Himself, descended at Nadia early in the Age of Kali.

PURPORT The prathama-sandhya is the beginning of the age. According to astronomical calculation, the age is divided into twelve parts. The first of these twelve divisions is known as the prathama-sandhya. The prathama-sandhya and sesa-sandhya, the last division of the preceding age, form the junction of the two ages. According to the Surya-siddhanta, the prathama-sandhya of Kali-yuga lasts 36,000 solar years. Lord Caitanya appeared in the prathama-sandhya after 4,586 solar years of Kali-yuga had passed.

TEXT 30
caitanya-simhera navadvipe avatara
simha-griva, simha-virya, simhera hunkara
SYNONYMS caitanya-simhera--of the lionlike Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; navadvipe--at Navadvipa; avatara--the incarnation; simha-griva--having the neck of a lion; simha-virya--the strength of a lion; simhera hunkara--the roar of a lion.

TRANSLATION Thus the lionlike Lord Caitanya has appeared in Navadvipa. He has the shoulders of a lion, the powers of a lion, and the loud voice of a lion.

TEXT 31
sei simha vasuk jivera hrdaya-kandare
kalmasa-dvirada nase yanhara hunkare
SYNONYMS sei--that; simha--lion; vasuk--let Him sit; jivera--of the living entities; hrdaya--of the heart; kandare--in the cavern; kalmasa--of sins; dvi-rada--the elephant; nase--destroys; yanhara--of whom; hunkare--the roar.

TRANSLATION May that lion be seated in the core of the heart of every living being. Thus with His resounding roar may He drive away one's elephantine vices.

TEXT 32
prathama lilaya tanra 'visvambhara' nama
bhakti-rase bharila, dharila bhuta-grama
SYNONYMS prathama--first; lilaya--in the pastimes; tanra--of Him; visvambhara nama--the name Visvambhara; bhakti-rase--with the mellow of devotional service; bharila--He filled; dharila--saved; bhuta-grama--all the living entities.

TRANSLATION In His early pastimes He is known as Visvambhara because He floods the world with the nectar of devotion and thus saves the living beings.

TEXT 33
dubhrn dhatura artha----posana, dharana
pusila, dharila prema diya tri-bhuvana
SYNONYMS dubhrn--known as dubhrn (bhr); dhatura--of the verbal root; artha--the meaning; posana--nourishing; dharana--maintaining; pusila--nourished; dharila--maintained; prema diya--distributing love of God; tri-bhuvana--in the three worlds.

TRANSLATION The verbal root "dubhrn" [which is the root of the word "visvambhara"] indicates nourishing and maintaining. He [Lord Caitanya] nourishes and maintains the three worlds by distributing love of God.

TEXT 34
sesa-lilaya dhare nama 'sri-krsna-caitanya'
sri-krsna janaye saba visva kaila dhanya
SYNONYMS sesa-lilaya--in His final pastimes; dhare--He held; nama--the name; sri-krsna-caitanya--Sri Krsna Caitanya; sri-krsna--about Lord Krsna; janaye--He taught; saba--all; visva--the world; kaila--made; dhanya--fortunate.

TRANSLATION In His later pastimes He is known as Lord Sri Krsna Caitanya. He blesses the whole world by teaching about the name and fame of Lord Sri Krsna.

PURPORT Lord Caitanya remained a householder only until His twenty-fourth year had passed. Then He entered the renounced order and remained manifest in this material world until His forty-eighth year. Therefore sesa-lila, or the final portion of His activities, lasted twenty-four years.
Some so-called Vaisnavas say that the renounced order of life is not accepted in the Vaisnava sampradaya, or disciplic succession, from Lord Caitanya. This is not a very intelligent proposition. Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu took the sannyasa order from Sripada Kesava Bharati, who belonged to the Sankara sect, which approves of only ten names for sannyasis. Long before the advent of Sripada Sankaracarya, however, the sannyasa order existed in the Vaisnava line of Visnusvami. In the Visnusvami Vaisnava sampradaya, there are ten different kinds of sannyasa names and 108 different names for sannyasis who accept the tri-danda, the triple staff of sannyasa. This is approved by the Vedic rules. Therefore Vaisnava sannyasa was existent even before the appearance of Sankaracarya, although those who know nothing about Vaisnava sannyasa unnecessarily declare that there is no sannyasa in the Vaisnava sampradaya.
During the time of Lord Caitanya, the influence of Sankaracarya in society was very strong. People thought that one could accept sannyasa only in the disciplic succession of Sankaracarya. Lord Caitanya could have performed His missionary activities as a householder, but He found householder life an obstruction to His mission. Therefore He decided to accept the renounced order, sannyasa. Since His acceptance of sannyasa was also designed to attract public attention, Lord Caitanya, not wishing to disturb the social convention, took the renounced order of life from a sannyasi in the disciplic succession of Sankaracarya, although sannyasa was also sanctioned in the Vaisnava sampradaya.
In the Sankara-sampradaya there are ten different names awarded to sannyasis: (1) Tirtha, (2) Asrama, (3) Vana, (4) Aranya, (5) Giri, (6) Parvata, (7) Sagara, (8) Sarasvati, (9) Bharati and (10) Puri. Before one enters sannyasa, he has one of the various names for a brahmacari, the assistant to a sannyasi. Sannyasis with the titles Tirtha and Asrama generally stay at Dvaraka, and their brahmacari name is Svarupa. Those known by the names Vana and Aranya stay at Purusottama, or Jagannatha Puri, and their brahmacari name is Prakasa. Those with the names Giri, Parvata and Sagara generally stay at Badarikasrama, and their brahmacari name is Ananda. Those with the titles Sarasvati, Bharati and Puri usually live at Srngeri in South India, and their brahmacari name is Caitanya.
Sripada Sankaracarya established four monasteries in India, in the four directions north, south, east and west, and he entrusted them to four sannyasis who were his disciples. Now there are hundreds of branch monasteries under these four principal monasteries, and although there is an official symmetry among them, there are many differences in their dealings. The four different sects of these monasteries are known as Anandavara, Bhogavara, Kitavara and Bhumivara, and in course of time they have developed different ideas and different slogans.
According to the regulation of the disciplic succession, one who wishes to enter the renounced order in Sankara's sect must first be trained as a brahmacari under a bona fide sannyasi, The brahmacari's name is ascertained according to the group to which the sannyasi belongs. Lord Caitanya accepted sannyasa from Kesava Bharati. When He first approached Kesava Bharati, He was accepted as a brahmacari with the name Sri Krsna Caitanya Brahmacari. After He took sannyasa, He preferred to keep the name Krsna Caitanya.
The great authorities in the disciplic succession had not offered to explain why Lord Caitanya refused to take the name Bharati after He took sannyasa from a Bharati, until Srila Bhaktisiddhanta Sarasvati Gosvami Maharaja volunteered the explanation that because a sannyasi in the Sankara-sampradaya thinks that he has become the Supreme, Lord Caitanya, wanting to avoid such a misconception, kept the name Sri Krsna Caitanya, placing Himself as an eternal servitor. A brahmacari is supposed to serve the spiritual master; therefore He did not negate that relationship of servitude to His spiritual master. Accepting such a position is favorable for the relationship between the disciple and the spiritual master.
The authentic biographies also mention that Lord Caitanya accepted the danda (rod) and begging pot, symbolic of the sannyasa order, at the time He took sannyasa.

TEXT 35
tanra yugavatara jani' garga mahasaya
krsnera nama-karane kariyache nirnaya
SYNONYMS tanra--of Him; yuga-avatara--incarnation for the age; jani'--knowing; garga--Garga Muni; mahasaya--the great personality; krsnera--of Lord Krsna; nama-karane--in the name-giving ceremony; kariyache--made; nirnaya--ascertainment.

TRANSLATION Knowing Him [Lord Caitanya] to be the incarnation for Kali-yuga, Garga Muni, during the naming ceremony of Krsna, predicted His appearance.

TEXT 36
asan varnas trayo hy asya
grhnato 'nu-yugam tanuh
suklo raktas tatha pita
idanim krsnatam gatah
SYNONYMS asan--were; varnah--colors; trayah--three; hi--certainly; asya--of this one; grhnatah--who is manifesting; anu-yugam--according to the age; tanuh--bodies; suklah--white; raktah--red; tatha--thus; pitah--yellow; idanim--now; krsnatam--blackness; gatah--obtained.

TRANSLATION "This boy [Krsna] has three other colors--white, red and yellow--as He appears in different ages. Now He has appeared in a transcendental blackish color."

PURPORT This is a verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (10.8.13).

TEXT 37
sukla, rakta, pita-varna----ei tina dyuti
satya-treta-kali-kale dharena sri-pati
SYNONYMS sukla--white; rakta--red; pita-varna--the color yellow; ei--these; tina--three; dyuti--lusters; satya--in Satya-yuga; treta--in Treta-yuga; kali-kale--in the Age of Kali; dharena--manifests; sri-pati--the husband of the goddess of fortune.

TRANSLATION White, red and yellow--these are the three bodily lusters that the Lord, the husband of the goddess of fortune, assumes in the ages of Satya, Treta and Kali respectively.

TEXT 38
idanim dvapare tinho haila krsna-varna
ei saba sastragama-puranera marma
SYNONYMS idanim--now; dvapare--in the Dvapara-yuga; tinho--He; haila--was; krsna-varna--blackish color; ei--these; saba--all; sastra-agama--and Vedic literatures; puranera--of the Puranas; marma--the core.

TRANSLATION Now, in the Dvapara-yuga, the Lord had descended in a blackish hue. This is the essence of the statements in the Puranas and other Vedic literatures with reference to the context.

TEXT 39
dvapare bhagavan syamah
pita-vasa nijayudhah
sri-vatsadibhir ankais ca
laksanair upalaksitah
SYNONYMS dvapare--in the Dvapara-yuga; bhagavan--the Supreme Personality of Godhead; syamah--blackish; pita-vasah--having yellow clothes; nija--own; ayudhah--having weapons; srivatsa-adibhih--such as Srivatsa; ankaih--by bodily markings; ca--and; laksanaih--by external characteristics such as the Kaustubha jewel; upalaksitah--characterized.

TRANSLATION "In the Dvapara-yuga the Personality of Godhead appears in a blackish hue. He is dressed in yellow, He holds His own weapons, and He is decorated with the Kaustubha jewel and marks of Srivatsa. This is how His symptoms are described."

PURPORT This is a verse from Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.27), spoken by Saint Karabhajana, one of the nine royal mystics who explained to King Nimi the different features of the Lord in different ages.

TEXT 40
kali-yuge yuga-dharma----namera pracara
tathi lagi' pita-varna caitanyavatara
SYNONYMS kali-yuge--in the Age of Kali; yuga-dharma--the religious practice for the age; namera--of the holy name; pracara--propagation; tathi--this; lagi'--for; pita-varna--having a yellow color; caitanya-avatara--the incarnation of Lord Caitanya.

TRANSLATION The religious practice for the Age of Kali is to broadcast the glories of the holy name. Only for this purpose has the Lord, in a yellow color, descended as Lord Caitanya.

PURPORT In this Age of Kali the practical system of religion for everyone is the chanting of the name of Godhead. This was introduced in this age by Lord Caitanya. Bhakti-yoga actually begins with the chanting of the holy name, as confirmed by Madhvacarya in his commentary on the Mundaka Upanisad. He quotes this verse from the Narayana-samhita:

dvapariyair janair visnuh
pancaratrais tu kevalaih
kalau tu nama-matrena
pujyate bhagavan harih
"In the Dvapara-yuga people should worship Lord Visnu only by the regulative principles of the Narada-pancaratra and other such authorized books. In the Age of Kali, however, people should simply chant the holy names of the Supreme Personality of Godhead." The Hare Krsna mantra is specifically mentioned in many Upanisads, such as the Kali-santarana Upanisad, where it is said:"

hare krsna hare krsna
krsna krsna hare hare
hare rama hare rama
rama rama hare hare
iti sodasakam namnam
kali-kalmasa-nasanam
natah parataropayah
sarva-vedesu drsyate
"After searching through all the Vedic literature one cannot find a method of religion more sublime for this age than the chanting of Hare Krsna."

TEXT 41
tapta-hema-sama-kanti, prakanda sarira
nava-megha jini kantha-dhvani ye gambhira
SYNONYMS tapta-hema--as molten gold; sama-kanti--same luster; prakanda--enormous; sarira--body; nava-megha--new clouds; jini--conquering; kantha-dhvani--the sound of the voice; ye--that; gambhira--deep.

TRANSLATION The luster of His expansive body resembles molten gold. The deep sound of His voice conquers the thundering of newly assembled clouds.

TEXT 42
dairghya-vistare yei apanara hata
cari hasta haya 'maha-purusa' vikhyata
SYNONYMS dairghya--in length; vistare--and in breadth; yei--who; apanara--of his own; hata--hand; cari--four; hasta--cubits; haya--is; maha-purusa--as a great personality; vikhyata--celebrated.

TRANSLATION One who measures four cubits in height and in breadth by his own hand is celebrated as a great personality.

TEXT 43
'nyagrodha-parimandala' haya tanra nama
nyagrodha-parimandala-tanu caitanya guna-dhama
SYNONYMS nyagrodha-parimandala--nyagrodha-parimandala; haya--is; tanra--of him; nama--the name; nyagrodha-parimandala--nyagrodha-parimandala; tanu--having such a body; caitanya--Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; guna-dhama--the abode of good qualities.

TRANSLATION Such a person is called nyagrodha-parimandala. Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu, who personifies all good qualities, has the body of a nyagrodha-parimandala.

PURPORT No one other than the Supreme Lord Himself, who has engaged the conditioned souls by His own illusory energy, can possess these bodily features. These features certainly indicate an incarnation of Visnu and no one else.

TEXT 44
ajanulambita-bhuja kamala-locana
tilaphula-jini-nasa, sudhamsu-vadana
SYNONYMS a-janu-lambita-bhuja--arms that reach the knees; kamala-locana--with lotus eyes; tila-phula--the blossom of the sesame plant; jini--conquering; nasa--whose nose; sudha-amsu-vadana--whose face is like the moon.

TRANSLATION His arms are long enough to reach His knees, His eyes are just like lotus flowers, His nose is like a sesame flower, and His face is as beautiful as the moon.

TEXT 45
santa, danta, krsna-bhakti-nistha-parayana
bhakta-vatsala, susila, sarva-bhute sama
SYNONYMS santa--peaceful; danta--controlled; krsna-bhakti--to the service of Lord Krsna; nistha-parayana--fully devoted; bhakta-vatsala--affectionate toward the devotees; su-sila--good character; sarva-bhute--to all living beings; sama--equal.

TRANSLATION He is peaceful, self-controlled and fully devoted to the transcendental service of Lord Sri Krsna. He is affectionate toward His devotees, He is gentle, and He is equally disposed toward all living beings.

TEXT 46
candanera angada-bala, candana-bhusana
nrtya-kale pari' karena krsna-sankirtana
SYNONYMS candanera--of sandalwood; angada--and armlets; bala--bangles; candana--of sandalwood pulp; bhusana--decorations; nrtya-kale--at the time of dancing; pari'--putting on; karena--does; krsna-sankirtana--congregational chanting of the name of Krsna.

TRANSLATION He is decorated with sandalwood bangles and armlets and anointed with the pulp of sandalwood. He especially wears these decorations to dance in sri-krsna-sankirtana.

TEXT 47
ei saba guna lana muni vaisampayana
sahasra-name kaila tanra nama-ganana
SYNONYMS ei--these; saba--all; guna--qualities; lana--taking; muni--the sage; vaisampayana--named Vaisampayana; sahasra-name--in the Visnu-sahasra-nama; kaila--did; tanra--of Him; nama-ganana--counting of the name.

TRANSLATION Recording all these qualities of Lord Caitanya, the sage Vaisampayana included His name in the Visnu-sahasra-nama.

TEXT 48
dui lila caitanyera----adi ara sesa
dui lilaya cari cari nama visesa
SYNONYMS dui--two; lila--pastimes; caitanyera--of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; adi--first; ara--and; sesa--final; dui--two; lilaya--in pastimes; cari--four; cari--and four; nama--names; visesa--specific.

TRANSLATION The pastimes of Lord Caitanya have two divisions--the early pastimes [adi-lila] and the later pastimes [sesa-lila]. He has four names in each of these two lilas.

TEXT 49
suvarna-varno hemango
varangas candanangadi
sannyasa-krc chamah santo
nistha-santi-parayanah
SYNONYMS suvarna--of gold; varnah--having the color; hema-angah--whose body was like molten gold; vara-angah--having a most beautiful body; candana-angadi--whose body was smeared with sandalwood; sannyasa-krt--practicing the renounced order of life; samah--equipoised; santah--peaceful; nistha--devotion; santi--and of peace; parayanah--the highest resort.

TRANSLATION "In His early pastimes He appears as a householder with a golden complexion. His limbs are beautiful, and His body, smeared with the pulp of sandalwood, seems like molten gold. In His later pastimes He accepts the sannyasa order, and He is equipoised and peaceful. He is the highest abode of peace and devotion, for He silences the impersonalist nondevotees."

PURPORT This is a verse from the Mahabharata (Dana-dharma, Visnu-sahasra-nama-stotra). In his commentary on the Visnu-sahasra-nama called the Namartha-sudha, Srila Baladeva Vidyabhusana, commenting upon this verse, asserts that Lord Caitanya is the Supreme Personality of Godhead according to the evidence of the Upanisads. He explains that suvarna-varnah means a golden complexion. He also quotes the Vedic injunction yada pasyah pasyate rukma-varnam kartaram isam purusam brahma-yonim (Mundaka Upanisad 3.1.3). Rukma-varnam kartaram isam refers to the Supreme Personality of Godhead as having a complexion the color of molten gold. Purusam means the Supreme Lord, and brahma-yonim indicates that He is also the Supreme Brahman. This evidence, too, proves that Lord Caitanya is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Krsna. Another meaning of the description of the Lord as having a golden hue is that Lord Caitanya's personality is as fascinating as gold is attractive. Srila Baladeva Vidyabhusana has explained that the word varanga means "exquisitely beautiful."
Lord Caitanya accepted sannyasa, leaving aside His householder life, to preach His mission. He has equanimity in different senses. First, He describes the confidential truth of the Personality of Godhead, and second, He satisfies everyone by knowledge and attachment to Krsna. He is peaceful because He renounces all topics not related to the service of Krsna. Srila Baladeva Vidyabhusana has explained that the word nistha indicates His being rigidly fixed in chanting the holy name of Sri Krsna. Lord Caitanya subdued all disturbing opponents of devotional service, especially the monists, who are actually averse to the personal feature of the Supreme Lord.

TEXT 50
vyakta kari' bhagavate kahe bara bara
kali-yuge dharma----nama-sankirtana sara
SYNONYMS vyakta--evident; kari'--making; bhagavate--in Srimad-Bhagavatam; kahe--they say; bara bara--time and time again; kali-yuge--in the Age of Kali; dharma--the religion; nama-sankirtana--congregational chanting of the holy name; sara--the essence.

TRANSLATION In Srimad-Bhagavatam it is repeatedly and clearly said that the essence of religion in the Age of Kali is the chanting of the holy name of Krsna.

TEXT 51
iti dvapara urv-isa
stuvanti jagad-isvaram
nana-tantra-vidhanena
kalav api yatha srnu
SYNONYMS iti--thus; dvapare--in the Dvapara Age; uru-isa--O King; stuvanti--they praise; jagat-isvaram--the Lord of the universe; nana--various; tantra--of scriptures; vidhanena--by the regulations; kalau--in the Age of Kali; api--also; yatha--in which manner; srnu--please hear.

TRANSLATION "O King, in this way people in Dvapara-yuga worshiped the Lord of the universe. In Kali-yuga they also worship the Supreme Personality of Godhead by the regulations of the revealed scriptures. Kindly now hear of that from me."

PURPORT This verse is spoken by Saint Karabhajana in Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.31).

TEXT 52
krsna-varnam tvisakrsnam
sangopangastra-parsadam
yajnaih sankirtana-prayair
yajanti hi su-medhasah
SYNONYMS krsna-varnam--repeating the syllables krs-na; tvisa--with a luster; akrsnam--not black (golden); sa-anga--along with associates; upanga--servitors; astra--weapons; parsadam--confidential companions; yajnaih--by sacrifice; sankirtana-prayaih--consisting chiefly of congregational chanting; yajanti--they worship; hi--certainly; su-medhasah--intelligent persons.

TRANSLATION "In the Age of Kali, intelligent persons perform congregational chanting to worship the incarnation of Godhead who constantly sings the name of Krsna. Although His complexion is not blackish, He is Krsna Himself. He is accompanied by His associates, servants, weapons and confidential companions."

PURPORT This text is from Srimad-Bhagavatam (11.5.32). Srila Jiva Gosvami has explained this verse in his commentary on the Bhagavatam, known as the Krama-sandarbha, wherein he says that Lord Krsna also appears with a golden complexion. That golden Lord Krsna is Lord Caitanya, who is worshiped by intelligent men in this age. That is confirmed in Srimad-Bhagavatam by Garga Muni, who said that although the child Krsna was blackish, He also appears in three other colors--red, white and yellow. He exhibited His white and red complexions in the Satya and Treta ages respectively. He did not exhibit the remaining color, yellow-gold, until He appeared as Lord Caitanya, who is known as Gaura Hari.
Srila Jiva Gosvami explains that krsna-varnam means Sri Krsna Caitanya. Krsna-varna and Krsna Caitanya are equivalent. The name Krsna appears with both Lord Krsna and Lord Caitanya Krsna. Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu is the Supreme Personality of Godhead, but He always engages in describing Krsna and thus enjoys transcendental bliss by chanting and remembering His name and form. Lord Krsna Himself appears as Lord Caitanya to preach the highest gospel.
Lord Caitanya always chants the holy name of Krsna and describes it also, and because He is Krsna Himself, whoever meets Him will automatically chant the holy name of Krsna and later describe it to others. He injects one with transcendental Krsna consciousness, which merges the chanter in transcendental bliss. In all respects, therefore, He appears before everyone as Krsna, either by personality or by sound. Simply by seeing Lord Caitanya one at once remembers Lord Krsna. One may therefore accept Him as visnu-tattva. In other words, Lord Caitanya is Lord Krsna Himself.
Sangopangastra-parsadam further indicates that Lord Caitanya is Lord Krsna. His body is always decorated with ornaments of sandalwood and with sandalwood paste. By His superexcellent beauty He subdues all the people of the age. In other descents the Lord sometimes used weapons to defeat the demoniac, but in this age the Lord subdues them with His all-attractive figure as Caitanya Mahaprabhu. Srila Jiva Gosvami explains that His beauty is His astra, or weapon, to subdue the demons. Because He is all-attractive, it is to be understood that all the demigods lived with Him as His companions. His acts were uncommon and His associates wonderful. When He propagated the sankirtana movement, He attracted many great scholars and acaryas, especially in Bengal and Orissa. Lord Caitanya is always accompanied by His best associates like Lord Nityananda, Advaita, Gadadhara and Srivasa.
Srila Jiva Gosvami cites a verse from the Vedic literature which says that there is no necessity of performing sacrificial demonstrations or ceremonial functions. He comments that instead of engaging in such external, pompous exhibitions, all people, regardless of caste, color or creed, can assemble together and chant Hare Krsna to worship Lord Caitanya. Krsna-varnam tvisakrsnam indicates that prominence should be given to the name of Krsna. Lord Caitanya taught Krsna consciousness and chanted the name of Krsna. Therefore, to worship Lord Caitanya, everyone should together chant the maha-mantra--Hare Krsna, Hare Krsna, Krsna Krsna, Hare Hare. Hare Rama, Hare Rama, Rama Rama, Hare Hare. To propagate worship in churches, temples or mosques is not possible, because people have lost interest in that. But anywhere and everywhere, people can chant Hare Krsna. Thus worshiping Lord Caitanya, they can perform the highest activity and fulfill the highest religious purpose of satisfying the Supreme Lord.
Srila Sarvabhauma Bhattacarya, a famous disciple of Lord Caitanya, said, "The principle of transcendental devotional service having been lost, Sri Krsna Caitanya has appeared to deliver again the process of devotion. He is so kind that He is distributing love of Krsna. Everyone should be attracted more and more to His lotus feet, as humming bees are attracted to a lotus flower."

TEXT 53
suna, bhai, ei saba caitanya-mahima
ei sloke kahe tanra mahimara sima
SYNONYMS suna--please hear; bhai--O brothers; ei--this; saba--all; caitanya--of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; mahima--the glories; ei--this; sloke--verse; kahe--says; tanra--of Him; mahimara--of the glories; sima--the limit.

TRANSLATION My dear brothers, please hear all these glories of Lord Caitanya. This verse clearly summarizes His activities and characteristics.

TEXT 54
'krsna' ei dui varna sada yanra mukhe
athava, krsnake tinho varne nija sukhe
SYNONYMS krsna--krs-na; ei--these; dui--two; varna--syllables; sada--always; yanra--of whom; mukhe--in the mouth; athava--or else; krsnake--Lord Krsna; tinho--He; varne--describes; nija--His own; sukhe--in happiness.

TRANSLATION The two syllables "krs-na" are always in His mouth; or, He constantly describes Krsna with great pleasure.

TEXT 55
krsna-varna-sabdera artha dui ta pramana
krsna vinu tanra mukhe nahi aise ana
SYNONYMS krsna-varna-sabdera--of the word krsna-varna; artha--the meaning; dui--two; ta--certainly; pramana--examples; krsna--Krsna; vinu--except for; tanra--of Him; mukhe--in the mouth; nahi aise--does not come; ana--anything else.

TRANSLATION These are two meanings of the word "krsna-varna." Indeed, nothing else but Krsna issues from His mouth.

TEXT 56
keha tanre bale yadi krsna-varana
ara visesane tara kare nivarana
SYNONYMS keha--someone; tanre--to Him; bale--ascribes; yadi--if; krsna--black; varana--the color; ara--another; visesane--in the adjective; tara--of that; kare--does; nivarana--prevention.

TRANSLATION If someone tries to describe Him as being of blackish complexion, the next adjective [tvisa akrsnam] immediately restricts him.

TEXT 57
deha-kantye haya tenho akrsna-varana
akrsna-varane kahe pita-varana
SYNONYMS deha-kantye--in the luster of the body; haya--is; tenho--He; akrsna--not black; varana--the color; akrsna-varane--by a color that is not blackish; kahe--one means; pita--yellow; varana--the color.

TRANSLATION His complexion is certainly not blackish. Indeed, His not being blackish indicates that His complexion is yellow.

TEXT 58
kalau yam vidvamsah sphutam abhiyajante dyuti-bharad
akrsnangam krsnam makha-vidhibhir utkirtana-mayaih
upasyam ca prahur yam akhila-caturthasrama-jusam
sa devas caitanyakrtir atitaram nah krpayatu
SYNONYMS kalau--in the Age of Kali; yam--Him whom; vidvamsah--the learned men; sphutam--clearly manifested; abhiyajante--worship; dyuti-bharat--due to an abundance of bodily luster; akrsna-angam--whose body is not blackish; krsnam--Lord Krsna; makha-vidhibhih--by the performances of sacrifice; utkirtana-mayaih--consisting of loud chanting of the holy name; upasyam--worshipable object; ca--and; prahuh--they said; yam--whom; akhila--all; caturtha-asrama-jusam--of those who are in the fourth order of life (sannyasa); sah--He; devah--the Supreme Personality of Godhead; caitanya-akrtih--having the form of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; atitaram--excessively; nah--unto us; krpayatu--let Him show His mercy.

TRANSLATION "By performing the sacrifice of congregational chanting of the holy name, learned scholars in the Age of Kali worship Lord Krsna, who is now non-blackish because of the great upsurge of the feelings of Srimati Radharani. He is the only worshipable Deity for the paramahamsas, who have attained the highest stage of the fourth order [sannyasa]. May that Supreme Personality of Godhead, Lord Caitanya, show us His great causeless mercy."

PURPORT This text, as well as text 63 and text 66, is from the Stava-mala of Srila Rupa Gosvami.

TEXT 59
pratyaksa tanhara tapta-kancanera dyuti
yanhara chataya nase ajnana-tamastati
SYNONYMS pratyaksa--vivid; tanhara--of Him; tapta--molten; kancanera--of gold; dyuti--effulgence; yanhara--of whom; chataya--by the luster; nase--destroys; ajnana--of ignorance; tamastati--the extent of the darkness.

TRANSLATION One can vividly see His glowing complexion of molten gold, which dispels the darkness of ignorance.

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