The Hare Krsnas - The Philosophy - Writings of A.C. Bhaktivedanta Swami Srila Prabhupada

(Continued)

TEXT 53
kavi kahe,----kaha dekhi, kon guna-dosa
prabhu kahena,----kahi, suna, na kariha rosa
SYNONYMS kavi kahe--the poet said; kaha dekhi--you say "I see"; kon--what; guna--qualities; dosa--faults; prabhu kahena--the Lord replied; kahi--let Me say; suna--please hear; na--do not; kariha--become; rosa--angry.

TRANSLATION The poet said, "All right, let me see what qualities and faults You have found." The Lord replied, "Let Me speak, and please hear Me without becoming angry."

TEXT 54
panca dosa ei sloke panca alankara
krame ami kahi, suna, karaha vicara
SYNONYMS panca--five; dosa--faults; ei sloke--in this verse; panca--five; alankara--literary embellishments; krame--one after another; ami--I; kahi--say; suna--kindly hear; karaha--give; vicara--judgment.

TRANSLATION "My dear sir, in this verse there are five faults and five literary ornaments. I shall state them one after another. Kindly hear Me and then give your judgment."

PURPORT In the verse beginning with mahattvam gangayah there are five literary ornaments and five examples of faulty composition. There are two examples of the fault called avimrsta-vidheyamsa and one example each of the faults viruddha-mati, punar-ukti and bhagna-krama.
Vimrsta means "clean," and vidheyamsa means "predicate." It is a general rule of composition to establish a subject first and then give its predicate. For example, according to Sanskrit grammar if one says, "This man is learned," his composition is in order. But if one says, "Learned is this man," the composition is not in order. Such a flaw is called avimrsta-vidheyamsa-dosa, or the fault of unclean composition. The subject matter to be known of the verse is the glorification of the Ganges, and therefore the word idam ("this"), or what is known, should have been placed before instead of after the glorification. The subject matter already known should be placed before the unknown so that its meaning will not be misconstrued.
The second instance of avimrsta-vidheyamsa-dosa occurs in the words dvitiya-sri-laksmir iva. In this composition the word dvitiya ("second") is vidheya, or unknown. Placing the unknown first to make the compound word dvitiya-sri-laksmir is another fault. The words dvitiya-srilaksmir iva were intended to compare the Ganges to the goddess of fortune, but because of this fault the meaning of the compound word was bewildering.
The third fault is that of viruddha-mati, or contradictory conception, in the words bhavani-bhartuh. The word bhavani refers to the wife of Bhava, Lord Siva. But since Bhavani is already known as the wife of Lord Siva, to add the word bharta, "husband," thus forming a compound meaning "the husband of the wife of Lord Siva," is contradictory, for thus it appears as if the wife of Lord Siva had another husband.
The fourth fault is punar-ukti, or redundancy, which occurs when the verb vibhavati ("flourishes"), which should have ended the composition, is further qualified by the unnecessary adjective adbhuta-guna ("endowed with wonderful qualities"). The fifth fault is bhagna-krama, which means "broken order." In the first, third and fourth lines there is anuprasa, or alliteration, created by the sounds ta, ra and bha, but in the second line there is no such anuprasa, and therefore the order is broken.

TEXT 55
'avimrsta-vidheyamsa'----dui thani cihna
'viruddha-mati', 'bhagna-krama', 'punar-atta',----dosa tina
SYNONYMS avimrsta-vidheyamsa--unclean composition; dui thani--in two places; cihna--symptoms; viruddha-mati--a contradictory conception; bhagna-krama--broken order; punar-atta--redundancy (also called punar-ukti); dosa--faults; tina--three.

TRANSLATION "In this verse the fault of avimrsta-vidheyamsa occurs twice, and the faults of viruddha-mati, bhagna-krama and punar-atta occur once each."

TEXT 56
'gangara mahattva'----sloke mula 'vidheya'
idam sabde 'anuvada'----pache avidheya
SYNONYMS gangara mahattva--glorification of mother Ganges; sloke--in the verse; mula--chief; vidheya--unknown; idam--this; sabde--by the word; anuvada--the known; pache--at the end; avidheya--improper.

TRANSLATION "The glorification of the Ganges [mahattvam gangayah] is the principal unknown subject matter in this verse, and the known subject matter is indicated by the word 'idam,' which has been placed after the unknown."

TEXT 57
'vidheya' age kahi' pache kahile 'anuvada'
ei lagi' slokera artha kariyache badha
SYNONYMS vidheya--what is unknown; age--first; kahi'--after speaking; pache--at the end; kahile--if one speaks; anuvada--known things; ei lagi'--for this reason; slokera--of the verse; artha--meaning; kariyache--has been made; badha--objectionable.

TRANSLATION "Because you have placed the known subject at the end and that which is unknown at the beginning, the composition is faulty, and the meaning of the words has become doubtful."

TEXT 58
anuvadam anuktvaiva
na vidheyam udirayet
na hy alabdhaspadam kincit
kutracit pratitisthati
SYNONYMS anuvadam--things already known; anuktva--without mentioning; eva--certainly; na--not; vidheyam--unknown subject matters; udirayet--one should mention; na--not; hi--certainly; alabdha-aspadam--without having achieved a proper place; kincit--something; kutracit--anywhere; pratitisthati--has a position.

TRANSLATION " 'Without first mentioning what is known, one should not introduce the unknown, for that which has no solid basis can never be established anywhere.' "

PURPORT This is a verse from the Ekadasi-tattva.

TEXT 59
'dvitiya sri-laksmi'----ihan 'dvitiyatva' vidheya
samase gauna haila, sabdartha gela ksaya
SYNONYMS dvitiya sri-laksmi--the word dvitiya-sri-laksmi ("all-opulent goddess of fortune"); ihan--this; dvitiyatva--the quality of being a second; vidheya--the unknown, which is to be explained; samase--in the compound word; gauna--secondary; haila--became; sabda-artha--the word's intended meaning; gela--became; ksaya--lost.

TRANSLATION "In the word 'dvitiya-srilaksmi' ['the second all-opulent goddess of fortune'], the quality of being a second Laksmi is the unknown. In making this compound word, the meaning became secondary and the originally intended meaning was lost."

TEXT 60
'dvitiya' sabda----vidheya taha padila samase
'laksmira samata' artha karila vinase
SYNONYMS dvitiya sabda--the word dvitiya ("second"); vidheya--the unknown; taha--that; padila--joined; samase--in the compound word; laksmira--with Laksmi; samata--equality; artha--meaning; karila--became; vinase--lost.

TRANSLATION "Because the word 'dvitiya' ['second'] is the unknown, in its combination in this compound word the intended meaning of equality with Laksmi is lost."

TEXT 61
'avimrsta-vidheyamsa'----ei dosera nama
ara eka dosa ache, suna savadhana
SYNONYMS avimrsta-vidheyamsa--avimrsta-vidheyamsa; ei--this; dosera--of the fault; nama--the name; ara--another; eka--one; dosa--fault; ache--there is; suna--hear; savadhana--carefully.

TRANSLATION "Not only is there the fault avimrsta-vidheyamsa, but there is also another fault, which I shall point out to you. Kindly hear Me with great attention."

TEXT 62
'bhavani-bhartr'-sabda dile paiya santosa
'viruddha-mati-krt' nama ei maha dosa
SYNONYMS bhavani-bhartr sabda--the word bhavani-bhartr ("the husband of Bhavani"); dile--you have placed; paiya--getting; santosa--very much satisfaction; viruddha-mati-krt--a statement of opposing elements; nama--named; ei--this; maha--great; dosa--fault.

TRANSLATION "Here is another great fault. You have arranged the word 'bhavani-bhartr' to your great satisfaction, but this betrays the fault of contradiction."

TEXT 63
bhavani-sabde kahe mahadevera grhini
tanra bharta kahile dvitiya bharta jani
SYNONYMS bhavani sabde--by the word bhavani ("the wife of Lord Siva"); kahe--is mentioned; mahadevera--of Lord Siva; grhini--the wife; tanra--her; bharta--husband; kahile--if we say; dvitiya--second; bharta--husband; jani--we understand.

TRANSLATION "The word 'bhavani' means 'the wife of Lord Siva.' But when we mention her husband, one might conclude that she has another husband."

TEXT 64
'siva-patnira bharta' iha sunite viruddha
'viruddha-mati-krt' sabda sastre nahe suddha
SYNONYMS siva-patnira--of the wife of Lord Siva; bharta--husband; iha--this; sunite--to hear; viruddha--contradiction; viruddha-mati-krt--that which creates a contradiction; sabda--such a word; sastre--in the scriptures; nahe--is not; suddha--pure.

TRANSLATION "It is contradictory to hear that Lord Siva's wife has another husband. The use of such words in literature creates the fault called viruddha-mati-krt."

TEXT 65
'brahmana-patnira bhartara haste deha dana'
sabda sunitei haya dvitiya-bharta jnana
SYNONYMS brahmana-patnira--of the wife of a brahmana; bhartara--of the husband; haste--in the hand; deha--give; dana--charity; sabda--these words; sunitei--hearing; haya--there is; dvitiya-bharta--another husband; jnana--knowledge.

TRANSLATION "If someone says, 'Place this charity in the hand of the husband of the wife of the brahmana,' when we hear these contradictory words we immediately understand that the brahmana's wife has another husband."

TEXT 66
'vibhavati' kriyaya vakya----sanga, punah visesana
'adbhuta-guna'----ei punar-atta dusana
SYNONYMS vibhavati kriyaya--by the verb vibhavati ("flourishes"); vakya--statement; sanga--complete; punah--again; visesana adbhuta-guna--the adjective adbhuta-guna ("wonderful qualities"); ei--this; punar-atta--repetition of the same word; dusana--fault.

TRANSLATION "The statement by the word 'vibhavati' ['flourishes'] is complete. Qualifying it with the adjective 'adbhuta-guna' ['wonderful qualities'] creates the fault of redundancy."

TEXT 67
tina pade anuprasa dekhi anupama
eka pade nahi, ei dosa 'bhagna-krama'
SYNONYMS tina pade--in three lines; anuprasa--alliteration; dekhi--I see; anupama--extraordinary; eka pade--in one line; nahi--there is not (alliteration); ei dosa--this fault; bhagna-krama--deviation.

TRANSLATION "There is extraordinary alliteration in three lines of the verse, but in one line there is no such alliteration. This is the fault of deviation."

TEXT 68
yadyapi ei sloke ache panca alankara
ei panca-dose sloka kaila charakhara
SYNONYMS yadyapi--although; ei sloke--in this verse; ache--there are; panca--five; alankara--literary embellishments; ei panca-dose--by the above-mentioned five faults; sloka--the verse; kaila--has been made; charakhara--spoiled.

TRANSLATION "Although there are five literary ornaments decorating this verse, the entire verse has been spoiled by these five most faulty presentations."

TEXT 69
dasa alankare yadi eka sloka haya
eka dose saba alankara haya ksaya
SYNONYMS dasa alankare--with ten instances of literary ornamentation; yadi--if; eka--one; sloka--verse; haya--there is; eka dose--by one fault; saba--all; alankara--ornaments; haya ksaya--become null and void.

TRANSLATION "If there are ten literary ornaments in a verse but even one faulty expression, the entire verse is nullified."

TEXT 70
sundara sarira yaiche bhusane bhusita
eka sveta-kusthe yaiche karaye vigita
SYNONYMS sundara--beautiful; sarira--body; yaiche--as; bhusane--with ornaments; bhusita--decorated; eka--one; sveta-kusthe--with a white spot of leprosy; yaiche--as; karaye--is made; vigita--abominable.

TRANSLATION "One's beautiful body may be decorated with jewels, but one spot of white leprosy makes the entire body abominable."

PURPORT The great sage Bharata Muni, an authority on poetic metaphor, has given his opinion in this connection as follows.

TEXT 71
rasalankara-vat kavyam
dosa-yuk ced vibhusitam
syad vapuh sundaram api
svitrenaikena durbhagam
SYNONYMS rasa--with humors; alankara-vat--with ornaments (metaphors, similes, etc.); kavyam--poetry; dosa-yuk--faulty; cet--if; vibhusitam--very nicely decorated; syat--it becomes so; vapuh--the body; sundaram--beautiful; api--even though; svitrena--by a white spot of leprosy; ekena--one; durbhagam--unfortunate.

TRANSLATION " 'As one's body, although well-decorated with ornaments, is made unfortunate by even one spot of white leprosy, so an entire poem is made useless by a fault, despite alliteration, similes and metaphors.' "

TEXT 72
panca alankarera ebe sunaha vicara
dui sabdalankara, tina artha-alankara
SYNONYMS panca--five; alankarera--of the literary embellishments; ebe--now; sunaha--just hear; vicara--description; dui--two; sabda-alankara--ornaments of sound or ornaments of words; tina--three; artha-alankara--ornaments of meaning.

TRANSLATION "Now hear the description of the five literary embellishments. There are two ornaments of sound and three ornaments of meaning."

TEXT 73
sabdalankara----tina-pade ache anuprasa
'sri-laksmi' sabde 'punar-uktavad-abhasa'
SYNONYMS sabda-alankara--ornamentation of sound; tina-pade--in three lines; ache--there is; anuprasa--alliteration; sri-laksmi-sabde--in the words sri-laksmi; punar-ukta-vat--of repetition of the same word; abhasa--there is a tinge.

TRANSLATION "There is a sound ornament of alliteration in three lines. And in the combination of the words 'sri' and 'laksmi' there is the ornament of a tinge of redundancy."

TEXT 74
prathama-carane panca 'ta'-karera panti
trtiya-carane haya panca 'repha'-sthiti
SYNONYMS prathama-carane--in the first line; panca--five; ta-karera--of the letter ta; panti--very nice composition; trtiya-carane--in the third line; haya--there is; panca--five; repha--of the letter ra; sthiti--composition.

TRANSLATION "In the arrangement of the first line the letter 'ta' occurs five times, and the arrangement of the third line repeats the letter 'ra' five times."

TEXT 75
caturtha-carane cari 'bha'-kara-prakasa
ataeva sabdalankara anuprasa
SYNONYMS caturtha-carane--in the fourth line; cari--four; bha-kara--of the letter bha; prakasa--manifestations; ataeva--therefore; sabda-alankara--ornamental use of different sounds; anuprasa--alliteration.

TRANSLATION "In the fourth line the letter 'bha' occurs four times. This arrangement of alliteration is a pleasing ornamental use of sounds."

TEXT 76
'sri'-sabde, 'laksmi'-sabde----eka vastu ukta
punar-ukta-praya bhase, nahe punar-ukta
SYNONYMS sri-sabde--by the word sri; laksmi-sabde--by the word laksmi; eka vastu--one thing; ukta--is indicated; punar-ukta-praya--almost repetition; bhase--appears; nahe--but actually it is not; punar-ukta--repetition.

TRANSLATION "Although the words 'sri' and 'laksmi' convey the same meaning and are therefore almost redundant, they are nevertheless not redundant."

TEXT 77 'sri-yukta laksmi' arthe arthera vibheda punar-uktavad-abhasa, sabdalankara-bheda SYNONYMS sri-yukta laksmi--Laksmi, possessed of opulence; arthe--in the sense; arthera--of the meaning; vibheda--difference; punar-ukta-vad-abhasa--tinge of punar-ukta-vat; sabda-alankara--ornamental use of words; bheda--different.

TRANSLATION "Describing Laksmi as possessed of sri [opulence] offers a difference in meaning with a tinge of repetition. This is the second ornamental use of words."

TEXT 78
'laksmir iva' arthalankara----upama-prakasa
ara arthalankara ache, nama----'virodhabhasa'
SYNONYMS laksmir iva--the words laksmir iva (like Laksmi); artha-alankara--ornamental use of the meaning; upama--analogy; prakasa--manifestation; ara--also; artha-alankara--ornamental use of meaning; ache--there is; nama--which is named; virodha-abhasa--possibility of contradiction.

TRANSLATION "The use of the words 'laksmir iva' ['like Laksmi'] manifests the ornament of meaning called upama [analogy]. There is also the further ornament of meaning called virodhabhasa, or a contradictory indication."

TEXT 79
'gangate kamala janme'----sabara subodha
'kamale gangara janma'----atyanta virodha
SYNONYMS gangate--in the river Ganges; kamala--lotus flower; janme--grows; sabara--of everyone; subodha--understanding; kamale--in the lotus flower; gangara--of the Ganges; janma--birth; atyanta--very much; virodha--contradiction.

TRANSLATION "Everyone knows that lotus flowers grow in the water of the Ganges. But to say that the Ganges takes birth from a lotus flower seems extremely contradictory."

TEXT 80
'ihan visnu-pada-padme gangara utpatti'
virodhalankara iha maha-camatkrti
SYNONYMS ihan--in this connection; visnu-pada-padme--in the lotus feet of Lord Visnu; gangara--of mother Ganges; utpatti--beginning; virodha--contradiction; alankara--literary decoration; iha--it; maha--very great; camatkrti--wonder.

TRANSLATION "The existence of mother Ganges begins from the lotus feet of the Lord. Although this statement that water comes from a lotus flower is a contradiction, in connection with Lord Visnu it is a great wonder."

TEXT 81
isvara-acintya-saktye gangara prakasa
ihate virodha nahi, virodha-abhasa
SYNONYMS isvara-acintya-saktye--by the inconceivable potency of the Supreme Lord; gangara--of the Ganges; prakasa--emanation; ihate--in this; virodha nahi--there is no contradiction; virodha-abhasa--appears to be a contradiction.

TRANSLATION "In this birth of the Ganges by the inconceivable potency of the Lord, there is no contradiction although it appears contradictory."

PURPORT The central point of all Vaisnava philosophy is to accept the inconceivable potency of Lord Visnu. What sometimes appears contradictory from a material viewpoint is understandable in connection with the Supreme Personality of Godhead because He can perform contradictory activities by dint of His inconceivable potencies. Modern scientists are puzzled. They cannot even explain how such a large quantity of chemicals has formed the atmosphere. Scientists explain that water is a combination of hydrogen and oxygen, but when asked where such a large quantity of hydrogen and oxygen came from and how they combined to manufacture the great oceans and seas, they cannot answer because they are atheists who will not accept that everything comes from life. Their thesis is that life comes from matter.
Where do all these chemicals come from? The answer is that they are produced by the inconceivable energy of the Supreme Personality of Godhead. Living entities are part of the Supreme Godhead, and from their bodies come many chemicals. For example, the lemon tree is a living entity that produces many lemons, and within each lemon is a great deal of citric acid. Therefore, if even an insignificant living entity who is but a part of the Supreme Lord can produce so much of a chemical, how much potency there must be in the body of the Supreme Personality of Godhead.
Scientists cannot perfectly explain where the chemicals of the world are manufactured, but one can explain this perfectly by accepting the inconceivable energy of the Supreme Lord. There is no reason for denying this argument. Since there are potencies in the living entities who are samples of the Personality of Godhead, how much potency there must be in the Supreme Godhead Himself. As described in the Vedas, nityo nityanam cetanas cetananam: "He is the chief eternal of all eternals and the chief living entity among all living entities." (Katha Upanisad 2.2.13)
Unfortunately, atheistic science will not accept that matter comes from life. Scientists insist upon their most illogical and foolish theory that life comes from matter, although this is quite impossible. They cannot prove in their laboratories that matter can produce life, yet there are thousands and thousands of examples illustrating that matter comes from life. Therefore in Sri Caitanya-caritamrta Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami says that as soon as one accepts the inconceivable potency of the Supreme Personality of Godhead, no great philosopher or scientist can put forward any thesis to contradict the Lord's power. This is expressed in the following Sanskrit verse.

TEXT 82
ambujam ambuni jatam kvacid api na jatam ambujad ambu
mura-bhidi tad-viparitam padambhojan maha-nadi jata
SYNONYMS ambujam--lotus flower; ambuni--in the water; jatam--is grown; kvacit--at any time; api--certainly; na--not; jatam--grown; ambujat--from a lotus flower; ambu--water; mura-bhidi--in Krsna, the killer of Murasura; tat-viparitam--just the opposite of that; pada-ambhojat--from the lotus flower of His feet; maha-nadi--the great river; jata--has grown.

TRANSLATION " 'Everyone knows that lotus flowers grow in the water but water never grows from a lotus. All such contradictions, however, are wonderfully possible in Krsna: the great river Ganges has grown from His lotus feet.' "

TEXT 83
gangara mahattva----sadhya, sadhana tahara
visnu-padotpatti----'anumana' alankara
SYNONYMS gangara--of the Ganges; mahattva--opulences; sadhya--subject matter; sadhana--means; tahara--of that; visnu-pada-utpatti--her origin from the lotus feet of the Lord; anumana--called anumana (hypothesis); alankara--an ornament.

TRANSLATION "The real glory of mother Ganges is that she has grown from the lotus feet of Lord Visnu. Such a hypothesis is another ornament, called anumana."

TEXT 84
sthula ei panca dosa, panca alankara
suksma vicariye yadi achaye apara
SYNONYMS sthula--gross; ei--these; panca--five; dosa--faults; panca--five; alankara--literary ornaments; suksma--in detail; vicariye--we consider; yadi--if; achaye--there are; apara--unlimited.

TRANSLATION "I have simply discussed the five gross faults and five literary embellishments of this verse, but if we consider it in fine detail we will find unlimited faults."

TEXT 85
pratibha, kavitva tomara devata-prasade
avicara kavye avasya pade dosa-badhe
SYNONYMS pratibha--ingenuity; kavitva--poetic imagination; tomara--your; devata--of a demigod; prasade--by the grace; avicara--without good judgment; kavye--in the poetry; avasya--certainly; pade--there is; dosa--fault; badhe--obstruction.

TRANSLATION "You have achieved poetic imagination and ingenuity by the grace of your worshipable demigod. But poetry not well reviewed is certainly subject to criticism."

TEXT 86
vicari' kavitva kaile haya sunirmala
salankara haile artha kare jhalamala
SYNONYMS vicari'--with proper consideration; kavitva--poetic explanation; kaile--if done; haya--it becomes; sunirmala--very pure; sa-alankara--with metaphorical use of words; haile--if it is; artha--meaning; kare--does; jhalamala--dazzle.

TRANSLATION "Poetic skill used with due consideration is very pure, and with metaphors and analogies it is dazzling."

TEXT 87
suniya prabhura vyakhya digvijayi vismita
mukhe na nihsare vakya, pratibha stambhita
SYNONYMS suniya--hearing; prabhura--of the Lord; vyakhya--explanation; dig-vijayi--the champion; vismita--struck with wonder; mukhe--in the mouth; na--did not; nihsare--come out; vakya--words; pratibha--ingenuity; stambhita--choked up.

TRANSLATION After hearing the explanation of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the champion poet was struck with wonder. His cleverness stunned, he could not say anything.

TEXT 88
kahite cahaye kichu, na aise uttara
tabe vicaraye mane ha-iya phanphara
SYNONYMS kahite--to speak; cahaye--wants; kichu--something; na--not; aise--comes; uttara--any reply; tabe--thereafter; vicaraye--considers; mane--within the mind; ha-iya--becoming; phanphara--puzzled.

TRANSLATION He wanted to say something, but no reply could come from his mouth. He then began to consider this puzzle within his mind.

TEXT 89
paduya balaka kaila mora buddhi lopa
jani----sarasvati more kariyachena kopa
SYNONYMS paduya--student; balaka--a boy; kaila--made; mora--my; buddhi--intelligence; lopa--lost; jani--I can understand; sarasvati--mother Sarasvati; more--with me; kariyachena--must have been; kopa--angry.

TRANSLATION "This mere boy has blocked my intelligence. I can therefore understand that mother Sarasvati has become angry with me."

PURPORT In the Bhagavad-gita it is clearly said that all intelligence comes from the Supreme Personality of Godhead, who is situated in everyone's heart as Paramatma. The Paramatma gave the pandita the intelligence to understand that because he was proud of his learning and wanted to defeat even the Supreme Lord, by the will of the Lord and through the agency of mother Sarasvati he had been defeated. One should not, therefore, be too proud of one's position. Even if one is a greatly learned scholar, if he commits an offense to the lotus feet of the Lord he will not be able to speak properly, in spite of his learning. In every respect, we are controlled. Our only duty, therefore, is to surrender always to the lotus feet of the Lord and not be falsely proud. Mother Sarasvati created this situation to favor the champion pandita so that he might surrender unto Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu.

TEXT 90
ye vyakhya karila, se manusyera nahe sakti
nimani-mukhe rahi' bale apane sarasvati
SYNONYMS ye vyakhya--which explanation; karila--He has made; se--that; manusyera--of any human being; nahe--there is not; sakti--power; nimani-mukhe--in the mouth of this boy Nimai; rahi'--remaining; bale--speaks; apane--personally; sarasvati--mother Sarasvati.

TRANSLATION "The wonderful explanation the boy has given could not have been possible for a human being. Therefore mother Sarasvati must have spoken personally through His mouth."

TEXT 91
eta bhavi' kahe----suna, nimani pandita
tava vyakhya suni' ami ha-ilan vismita
SYNONYMS eta bhavi--thinking like this; kahe--the pandita says; suna--hear; nimani pandita--O Nimai Pandita; tava--Your; vyakhya--explanations; suni'--hearing; ami--I; ha-ilan--have become; vismita--struck with wonder.

TRANSLATION Thinking thus, the pandita said, "My dear Nimai Pandita, please hear me. Hearing Your explanation, I am simply struck with wonder."

TEXT 92
alankara nahi pada, nahi sastrabhyasa
kemane e saba artha karile prakasa
SYNONYMS alankara--the literary use of words; nahi pada--You never read; nahi--nor is there; sastra-abhyasa--long practice in the discussion of the sastras; kemane--by which method; e saba--all these; artha--explanations; karile--You have made; prakasa--manifestation.

TRANSLATION "I am surprised. You are not a literary student and do not have long experience in studying the sastras. How have You been able to explain all these critical points?"

TEXT 93
iha suni' mahaprabhu ati bada rangi
tanhara hrdaya jani' kahe kari' bhangi
SYNONYMS iha suni'--hearing this; mahaprabhu--Caitanya Mahaprabhu; ati--very; bada--much; rangi--funny; tanhara--his; hrdaya--heart; jani'--understanding; kahe--says; kari'--doing; bhangi--indication.

TRANSLATION Hearing this and understanding the pandita's heart, Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu replied in a humorous way.

TEXT 94
sastrera vicara bhala-manda nahi jani
sarasvati ye balaya, sei bali vani
SYNONYMS sastrera vicara--discussion of sastra; bhala-manda--good or bad; nahi jani--do not know; sarasvati--mother Sarasvati; ye balaya--whatever she speaks; sei--those; bali--I say; vani--words.

TRANSLATION "My dear sir, I do not know what is good composition and what is bad. But whatever I have spoken must be understood to have been spoken by mother Sarasvati."

TEXT 95
iha suni' digvijayi karila niscaya
sisu-dvare devi more kaila parajaya
SYNONYMS iha suni'--hearing this; dig-vijayi--the champion; karila--admitted; niscaya--decision; sisu-dvare--through this boy; devi--mother Sarasvati; more--unto me; kaila--has done; parajaya--defeat.

TRANSLATION When he heard this judgment from Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu, the pandita sorrowfully wondered why mother Sarasvati wanted to defeat him through a small boy.

TEXT 96
aji tanre nivediba, kari' japa-dhyana
sisu-dvare kaila more eta apamana
SYNONYMS aji--today; tanre--unto her; nivediba--I shall offer my prayers; kari'--performing; japa--chanting; dhyana--meditation; sisu-dvare--through a boy; kaila--has done; more--unto me; eta--so much; apamana--insult.

TRANSLATION "I shall offer prayers and meditation to the goddess of learning," the champion concluded, "and ask her why she has insulted me so greatly through this boy."

TEXT 97
vastutah sarasvati asuddha sloka karaila
vicara-samaya tanra buddhi acchadila
SYNONYMS vastutah--in fact; sarasvati--mother Sarasvati; asuddha--impure; sloka--verse; karaila--caused him to compose; vicara-samaya--at the time of reviewing; tanra--his; buddhi--intelligence; acchadila--covered.

TRANSLATION Sarasvati had in fact induced the champion to compose his verse in an impure way. Furthermore, when it was discussed she covered his intelligence, and thus the Lord's intelligence was triumphant.

TEXT 98
tabe sisya-gana saba hasite lagila
ta'-saba nisedhi' prabhu kavire kahila
SYNONYMS tabe--at that time; sisya-gana--the disciples; saba--all; hasite--to laugh; lagila--began; ta'-saba--all of them; nisedhi'--forbidding; prabhu--the Lord; kavire--unto the poet; kahila--addressed.

TRANSLATION When the poetic champion was thus defeated, all the Lord's disciples sitting there began to laugh loudly. But Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu asked them not to do so, and He addressed the poet as follows.

TEXT 99
tumi bada pandita, mahakavi-siromani
yanra mukhe bahiraya aiche kavya-vani
SYNONYMS tumi--you; bada pandita--greatly learned scholar; maha-kavi--of all great poets; siromani--the topmost; yanra--of whom; mukhe--in the mouth; bahiraya--emanates; aiche--such; kavya-vani--poetic language.

TRANSLATION "You are the most learned scholar and the topmost of all great poets, for otherwise how could such fine poetry come from your mouth?"

TEXT 100
tomara kavitva yena ganga-jala-dhara
toma-sama kavi kotha nahi dekhi ara
SYNONYMS tomara--your; kavitva--poetic ingenuity; yena--like; ganga-jala-dhara--the flowing of the waters of the Ganges; toma-sama--like you; kavi--poet; kotha--anywhere; nahi--not; dekhi--I see; ara--anyone else.

TRANSLATION "Your poetic skill is like the constant flow of the waters of the Ganges. I find no one in the world who can compete with you."

TEXT 101
bhavabhuti, jayadeva, ara kalidasa
tan-sabara kavitve ache dosera prakasa
SYNONYMS bhavabhuti--of the name Bhavabhuti; jayadeva--of the name Jayadeva; ara--and; kalidasa--of the name Kalidasa; tan-sabara--of all of them; kavitve--in the poetic power; ache--there is; dosera--of faults; prakasa--manifestation.

TRANSLATION "Even in the poetic compositions of such great poets as Bhavabhuti, Jayadeva and Kalidasa there are many examples of faults."

TEXT 102
dosa-guna-vicara----ei alpa kari' mani
kavitva-karane sakti, tanha se vakhani
SYNONYMS dosa-guna-vicara--therefore to criticize one's poetry as good or bad; ei--this; alpa--negligible; kari'--making; mani--I consider; kavitva--poetic ingenuity; karane--in performing; sakti--power; tanha--that; se--we; vakhani--describe.

TRANSLATION "Such mistakes should be considered negligible. One should see only how such poets have displayed their poetic power."

PURPORT In Srimad-Bhagavatam (1.5.11) it is said:

tad-vag-visargo janatagha-viplavo
yasmin prati-slokam abaddhavaty api
namany anantasya yaso 'nkitani yat
srnvanti gayanti grnanti sadhavah
"In explaining the glories of the Lord, inexperienced men may compose poetry with many faults, but because it contains glorification of the Lord, great personalities read it, hear it and chant it." Despite its minute literary discrepancies, one must study poetry on the merit of its subject matter. According to Vaisnava philosophy, any literature that glorifies the Lord, whether properly written or not, is first class. There need be no other considerations. The poetic compositions of Bhavabhuti, or Srikantha, include Malati-madhava, Uttara-carita, Vira-carita and many other similar Sanskrit dramas. This great poet was born during the time of Bhojaraja as the son of Nilakantha, a brahmana. Kalidasa flourished during the time of Maharaja Vikramaditya, and he became the state poet. He composed some thirty or forty Sanskrit dramas, including Kumara-sambhava, Abhijnana-sakuntala and Megha-duta. His drama Raghu-vamsa is especially famous. We have already described Jayadeva in Chapter Thirteen of this Adi-lila.

TEXT 103
saisava-capalya kichu na labe amara
sisyera samana muni na han tomara
SYNONYMS saisava--childish; capalya--impudence; kichu--anything; na--do not; labe--please take; amara--My; sisyera--of disciples; samana--the equal; muni--I; na--not; han--am; tomara--your.

TRANSLATION "I am not even fit to be your disciple. Therefore kindly do not take seriously whatever childish impudence I have shown."

TEXT 104
aji vasa' yaha, kali miliba abara
suniba tomara mukhe sastrera vicara
SYNONYMS aji--today; vasa'--resting place; yaha--go back; kali--tomorrow; miliba--we will meet; abara--again; suniba--I shall hear; tomara mukhe--from your mouth; sastrera--on the sastras; vicara--discussion.

TRANSLATION "Please go back home, and tomorrow we may meet again so that I may hear discourses on the sastras from your mouth."

TEXT 105
ei-mate nija ghare gela dui jana
kavi ratre kaila sarasvati-aradhana
SYNONYMS ei-mate--in this way; nija ghare--to their respective homes; gela--went back; dui jana--both of them; kavi--poet; ratre--at night; kaila--performed; sarasvati--of mother Sarasvati; aradhana--worship.

TRANSLATION In this way both the poet and Caitanya Mahaprabhu went back to their homes, and at night the poet worshiped mother Sarasvati.

TEXT 106
sarasvati svapne tanre upadesa kaila
saksat isvara kari' prabhuke janila
SYNONYMS sarasvati--mother Sarasvati; svapne--in a dream; tanre--unto him; upadesa--advice; kaila--gave; saksat--directly; isvara--the Supreme Person; kari'--accepting; prabhuke--the Lord; janila--he understood.

TRANSLATION In a dream the goddess informed him of the Lord's position, and the poetic champion could understand that Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu is the Supreme Personality of Godhead Himself.

TEXT 107
prate asi' prabhu-pade la-ila sarana
prabhu krpa kaila, tanra khandila bandhana
SYNONYMS prate--in the morning; asi'--coming back; prabhu-pade--at the lotus feet of the Lord; la-ila--took; sarana--shelter; prabhu--the Lord; krpa--mercy; kaila--showed; tanra--his; khandila--cut off; bandhana--all bondage.

TRANSLATION The next morning the poet came to Lord Caitanya and surrendered unto His lotus feet. The Lord bestowed His mercy upon him and cut off all his bondage to material attachment.

PURPORT The same process advocated by Lord Sri Krsna in His teachings of the Bhagavad-gita as it is--"Surrender unto Me in all instances"--was advocated by Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu. The champion surrendered unto the Lord, and the Lord favored him. One who is favored by the Lord is freed from material bondage, as stated in the Bhagavad-gita (4.9): tyaktva deham punar janma naiti mam eti so 'rjuna.

TEXT 108
bhagyavanta digvijayi saphala-jivana
vidya-bale paila mahaprabhura carana
SYNONYMS bhagyavanta--very fortunate; dig-vijayi--the poetic champion; sa-phala--successful; jivana--life; vidya-bale--by the strength of learning; paila--got; maha-prabhura--of Lord Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu; carana--lotus feet.

TRANSLATION The poetic champion was certainly most fortunate. His life was successful by dint of his vast learning and erudite scholarship, and thus he attained the shelter of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu.

PURPORT Sri Narottama dasa Thakura has sung that the best qualification for taking shelter of the lotus feet of Lord Caitanya is to be the most fallen because the Lord came specifically to deliver the fallen souls. In this age there are very few scholars. Almost everyone is a fallen meat-eater, drunkard, woman-hunter or gambler. Such persons are never considered learned scholars, even if they pose as such. Because these so-called scholars superficially see that Caitanya Mahaprabhu associates with the fallen souls, they think that He is meant for a lower class of men but that they do not need Him. Thus such scholars do not take to the Krsna consciousness movement. To be puffed up with false learning, therefore, is a disqualification for accepting the Krsna consciousness movement. But here is a special example, for although the poetic champion was a greatly learned scholar, the Lord also favored him because of his humble submission.

TEXT 109
e-saba lila varniyachena vrndavana-dasa
ye kichu visesa ihan karila prakasa
SYNONYMS e-saba--all these; lila--pastimes; varniyachena--has described; vrndavana-dasa--Vrndavana dasa Thakura; ye kichu--whatever; visesa--specifics; ihan--in this connection; karila--I have made; prakasa--presentation.

TRANSLATION Srila Vrndavana dasa Thakura has described all these incidents elaborately. I have only presented the specific incidents he has not described.

TEXT 110
caitanya-gosanira lila----amrtera dhara
sarvendriya trpta haya sravane yahara
SYNONYMS caitanya-gosanira lila--the pastimes of Lord Caitanya Mahaprabhu; amrtera dhara--drops of nectar; sarva-indriya--all senses; trpta--satisfied; haya--become; sravane--by hearing; yahara--of them all.

TRANSLATION The nectarean drops of Sri Caitanya Mahaprabhu's pastimes can satisfy the senses of everyone who hears them.

TEXT 111
sri-rupa-raghunatha-pade yara asa
caitanya-caritamrta kahe krsnadasa
SYNONYMS sri-rupa--Srila Rupa Gosvami; raghunatha--Srila Raghunatha dasa Gosvami; pade--at the lotus feet; yara--whose; asa--expectation; caitanya-caritamrta--the book named Caitanya-caritamrta; kahe--describes; krsnadasa--Srila Krsnadasa Kaviraja Gosvami.

TRANSLATION Praying at the lotus feet of Sri Rupa and Sri Raghunatha, always desiring their mercy, I, Krsnadasa, narrate Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, following in their footsteps.
Thus end the Bhaktivedanta purports to Sri Caitanya-caritamrta, Adi-lila, Sixteenth Chapter, describing the pastimes of the Lord in His childhood and youth.